The European Parliament’s tenth term is accelerating its legislative machinery. With 295 procedures initiated in 2025 and a projected 405 for 2026, the EP10 pipeline is running at full capacity. The current session has already delivered 78 legislative acts — a sharp increase over the 72 adopted during the EP9/EP10 transition year of 2024. From digital taxation reform to chemicals regulation and defence policy, Parliament’s legislative agenda reflects the EU’s most pressing strategic priorities.
Key Legislative Proposals Under Review
The first months of 2025 have seen a significant wave of new legislative proposals. A review of European Parliament Open Data reveals at least 20 new procedures filed for 2025, the majority following the Ordinary Legislative Procedure (COD). Among the most consequential:
Ordinary Legislative Procedure (COD)
- 2025/0012(COD) — One of the earliest COD filings in EP10’s second year, this proposal signals the Commission’s intent to advance regulatory harmonisation in a key policy domain.
- 2025/0021(COD), 2025/0022(COD), 2025/0023(COD) — A cluster of three co-decision proposals filed in rapid succession, suggesting a coordinated legislative package.
- 2025/0039(COD) through 2025/0045(COD) — Seven further COD proposals covering areas from industrial regulation to single-market reform, reflecting the Commission’s 2025 work programme priorities.
- 2025/0051(COD), 2025/0052(COD), 2025/0056(COD), 2025/0058(COD), 2025/0059(COD) — The latest batch of co-decision files, extending Parliament’s legislative pipeline well into 2026.
Non-Legislative Procedures (NLE) and Budget
- 2025/0009(NLE), 2025/0035(NLE), 2025/0046(NLE), 2025/0055(NLE), 2025/0066(NLE) — International agreements, appointments, and consent procedures requiring Parliament’s approval.
- 2025/0061(BUD) — A budgetary procedure that will shape EU fiscal allocations for the coming period.
Recently Adopted Texts
Parliament has already adopted a number of significant texts in 2025, demonstrating the pace of legislative output in EP10:
- VAT: Rules for the Digital Age (TA-10-2025-0012) — A landmark reform modernising value-added tax rules for digital platforms and cross-border transactions.
- Administrative Cooperation in Taxation (TA-10-2025-0013) — Enhancing tax authority cooperation to combat tax evasion across member states.
- Common Data Platform on Chemicals (TA-10-2025-0045) — Establishing a unified monitoring framework for chemical substances, strengthening the EU’s chemicals strategy for sustainability.
- Reform and Growth Facility for Moldova (TA-10-2025-0022) — Financial support for Moldova’s reform agenda, reflecting EU enlargement policy priorities.
- Macro-Financial Assistance to Jordan (TA-10-2025-0048) — Extending EU financial support to Jordan as part of neighbourhood stability policy.
- Common Security and Defence Policy — Annual Report 2024 (TA-10-2025-0058) — Parliament’s assessment of EU defence and security developments, particularly relevant given the changed geopolitical environment.
- Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Due Diligence Amendment (TA-10-2025-0064) — Adjusting implementation timelines for the CSRD and CSDDD directives.
- Internal Market: Old Challenges, New Practices (TA-10-2025-0107) — A strategic resolution addressing persistent barriers in the single market alongside emerging commercial practices.
Legislative Pipeline Overview
The EP10 legislative pipeline is in strong health. According to European Parliament data, the pipeline health score stands at 100, with zero stalled procedures among the 20 most recent filings. The throughput rate is building steadily as new committees reach full operational capacity.
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 (Projected) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Procedures Initiated | 235 | 295 | 405 |
| Legislative Acts Adopted | 72 | 78 | 114 |
| Roll-Call Votes | 375 | 420 | 567 |
| Plenary Sessions | 38 | 46 | 53 |
| Committee Meetings | 1,680 | 1,980 | 2,363 |
The 2026 projections (based on European Parliament trend analysis with ±12% confidence interval) anticipate a further ramp-up consistent with EP10’s second-year acceleration pattern. Each parliamentary term follows a characteristic bell curve, with peak output expected in 2027–2028.
Political Context: EP10 Composition
The current European Parliament reflects a notable rightward shift following the June 2024 elections. The EPP remains the largest group with 188 seats (26.1%), followed by S&D at 136 seats (18.9%). The new Patriots for Europe (PfE) group holds 84 seats (11.7%), while ECR has strengthened to 78 seats (10.8%). Renew Europe sits at 77 seats (10.7%), with the Greens/EFA significantly reduced to 53 seats (7.4%). The Left (GUE/NGL) holds 46 seats (6.4%), and the new far-right Europe of Sovereign Nations (ESN) has 25 seats (3.5%).
The parliamentary fragmentation index stands at 6.12 — the highest in European Parliament history. A two-party grand coalition between EPP and S&D is no longer arithmetically possible, requiring broader multi-group coalitions for legislation. This structural reality means that every major legislative proposal requires careful negotiation across at least three political groups to secure a majority of 361 votes.
Strategic Assessment
Three legislative trajectories define the early EP10 agenda. First, digital and fiscal modernisation: the adoption of VAT rules for the digital age and enhanced tax cooperation signals the EU’s commitment to updating its fiscal framework for the platform economy. Second, chemicals and environmental regulation: the common data platform on chemicals advances the EU’s ambition to lead on industrial safety standards. Third, geopolitical positioning: from defence policy reviews to macro-financial assistance for Jordan and Moldova, Parliament is using its legislative tools to project EU influence in its neighbourhood and beyond.
The concentration of COD procedures — 13 out of 20 new filings — underscores that most legislative work follows the co-decision pathway, giving Parliament equal weight with the Council. The five NLE procedures relate primarily to international agreements and institutional appointments, while the single BUD procedure will shape EU fiscal priorities.
Stakeholder Impact
Businesses face significant regulatory adaptation, particularly from the VAT digital age reform and corporate sustainability reporting timeline adjustments. The CSRD/CSDDD implementation date changes (TA-10-2025-0064) offer temporary relief to companies struggling with compliance timelines, but the underlying obligations remain.
Citizens benefit from enhanced tax cooperation that should reduce cross-border tax avoidance, while the chemicals monitoring framework strengthens consumer safety protections.
Third countries — notably Moldova and Jordan — receive direct financial support, while EU-Norway trade adjustments (TA-10-2025-0029) and EU-Bosnia Herzegovina judicial cooperation (TA-10-2025-0055) deepen the EU’s partnership network.
Why This Matters
The EU legislative pipeline is the engine of regulatory change that shapes the lives of 450 million citizens and the operating environment for businesses across 27 member states. With EP10 now producing legislation at an accelerating pace — 295 procedures in 2025, up 25.5% from 2024 — the volume and velocity of EU rulemaking demands close monitoring. The unprecedented parliamentary fragmentation means that legislative outcomes are less predictable than in previous terms, making real-time pipeline tracking essential for informed policy engagement.